1. IaaS in cloud computing provides:
A) Software applications over the internet
B) Development platforms
C) Virtualized computing resources (servers, storage, networking)
D) Database management only
✅ Answer: C) Virtualized computing resources (servers, storage, networking)
💡 Explanation: IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) provides virtualized infrastructure like VMs, storage, and networking on demand.
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2. Which cloud deployment model is exclusively for one organization?
A) Public Cloud
B) Community Cloud
C) Hybrid Cloud
D) Private Cloud
✅ Answer: D) Private Cloud
💡 Explanation: Private Cloud is dedicated exclusively to one organization, offering greater control and security.
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3. Docker is primarily used for:
A) Network monitoring
B) Application containerization
C) Database management
D) Cloud storage
✅ Answer: B) Application containerization
💡 Explanation: Docker packages applications and dependencies into portable containers that run consistently across any environment.
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4. Kubernetes is an open-source system for:
A) Container orchestration and management
B) Creating virtual machines
C) Network routing
D) Code version control
✅ Answer: A) Container orchestration and management
💡 Explanation: Kubernetes automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications across clusters.
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5. Which AWS service is used for serverless computing?
A) EC2
B) S3
C) Lambda
D) RDS
✅ Answer: C) Lambda
💡 Explanation: AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that runs code in response to events without provisioning servers.
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6. The concept of ‘elasticity’ in cloud computing means:
A) The cloud can stretch physically
B) Resources can be dynamically scaled up or down based on demand
C) Data is elastic and compressible
D) The cloud is flexible in pricing only
✅ Answer: B) Resources can be dynamically scaled up or down based on demand
💡 Explanation: Cloud elasticity allows automatic provisioning and de-provisioning of resources based on real-time workload changes.
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7. Blockchain technology is primarily characterized by:
A) Centralized data storage
B) Decentralized, distributed, and immutable ledger
C) High-speed data processing
D) Wireless data transmission
✅ Answer: B) Decentralized, distributed, and immutable ledger
💡 Explanation: Blockchain is a decentralized ledger shared across multiple nodes where data (blocks) cannot be altered retroactively.
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8. Edge computing processes data:
A) In centralized cloud data centers
B) Closer to the source of data generation
C) Only on mobile devices
D) Through satellite networks
✅ Answer: B) Closer to the source of data generation
💡 Explanation: Edge computing moves processing closer to data sources (IoT devices, sensors) to reduce latency and bandwidth use.
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9. Machine Learning is a subset of:
A) Big Data
B) Robotics
C) Artificial Intelligence
D) Cloud Computing
✅ Answer: C) Artificial Intelligence
💡 Explanation: Machine Learning is a branch of AI where systems learn from data to improve performance without explicit programming.
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10. REST and SOAP are types of:
A) Cloud storage protocols
B) Web service architecture styles
C) Database query languages
D) Network routing protocols
✅ Answer: B) Web service architecture styles
💡 Explanation: REST (Representational State Transfer) and SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) are web service communication styles.
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11. Which technology powers cryptocurrency transactions?
A) Cloud Computing
B) Blockchain
C) Quantum Computing
D) Fog Computing
✅ Answer: B) Blockchain
💡 Explanation: Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin use blockchain technology for secure, transparent, and decentralized transaction recording.
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12. 5G technology primarily improves over 4G by:
A) Using older frequency bands
B) Offering higher speed, lower latency, and greater device connectivity
C) Reducing coverage area
D) Using wired connections
✅ Answer: B) Offering higher speed, lower latency, and greater device connectivity
💡 Explanation: 5G offers speeds up to 10 Gbps, latency below 1ms, and can connect up to 1 million devices per km².
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13. Which term describes the practice of training AI models on private data at the source without sharing raw data?
A) Transfer Learning
B) Federated Learning
C) Supervised Learning
D) Deep Learning
✅ Answer: B) Federated Learning
💡 Explanation: Federated Learning trains models locally on devices and only shares model updates (not raw data) preserving privacy.
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14. SaaS stands for:
A) Storage as a Service
B) Software as a Service
C) Security as a Service
D) System as a Service
✅ Answer: B) Software as a Service
💡 Explanation: SaaS delivers software applications over the internet on a subscription basis (e.g., Google Workspace, Salesforce).
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15. The Internet of Things (IoT) connects:
A) Only computers and servers
B) Physical devices/objects to the internet for data collection and exchange
C) Only smartphones
D) Only cloud servers
✅ Answer: B) Physical devices/objects to the internet for data collection and exchange
💡 Explanation: IoT connects physical objects (sensors, vehicles, appliances) to the internet enabling data collection and remote control.
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16. Quantum computing uses quantum bits called:
A) Bits
B) Bytes
C) Qubits
D) Nibbles
✅ Answer: C) Qubits
💡 Explanation: Quantum computers use qubits which can represent 0, 1, or both simultaneously (superposition) unlike classical bits.
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17. DevOps is a combination of:
A) Development and Testing
B) Development and Operations
C) Design and Operations
D) Data and Operations
✅ Answer: B) Development and Operations
💡 Explanation: DevOps integrates Development and IT Operations teams to shorten the software delivery lifecycle through automation.
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18. Which cloud storage service is offered by Google?
A) OneDrive
B) Dropbox
C) iCloud
D) Google Drive
✅ Answer: D) Google Drive
💡 Explanation: Google Drive is Google’s cloud storage service offering 15GB free storage with integration with Google Workspace.
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19. A ‘microservices architecture’ breaks an application into:
A) Multiple physical servers
B) Small, independent services that communicate via APIs
C) Multiple databases
D) Multiple user interfaces
✅ Answer: B) Small, independent services that communicate via APIs
💡 Explanation: Microservices decomposes an application into loosely coupled, independently deployable services with their own processes.
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20. The term ‘latency’ in networking refers to:
A) Data transfer speed
B) Time delay in data transmission between source and destination
C) Network bandwidth
D) Number of connected devices
✅ Answer: B) Time delay in data transmission between source and destination
💡 Explanation: Latency is the round-trip time for data to travel from source to destination; lower latency means faster response.
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